Mai tsara gyare-gyaren tattalin arzikin Indiya zai shiga cikin tarihin Indiya a matsayin firayim minista mafi cancanta wanda ya cika alkawuran zabe, ya kawo sauye-sauye tare da kafa tattalin arzikin Indiya a karkashin jagorancinsa iri-iri..
Mutumin da ba ya zato cewa ya yi ta tafiya a rayuwarsa, ba abin mamaki ba ne, lokacin da ya ke amsa tambayar da wani dan jarida ya yi masa a shekarar da ta gabata na wa'adinsa na Firayim Minista na Indiya, ya nuna cewa tarihi zai fi tantance shi. mai kirki fiye da abin da masu sukarsa sukan yi imani da shi.
Tabbas, tarihi zai yi hukunci da alheri Dr Manmohan Singh, wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin firaministan Sikh na farko na dimokuradiyya mafi girma a duniya.
Akwai ƙarin fuskokin Dr Manmohan Singh da yawa waɗanda jama'a ba su san su ba. An haifi Dr Singh a Indiya da ba a raba (kafin a raba Indiya zuwa Pakistan) zuwa Gurmukh Singh da Amrit Kaur a Gah, Punjab.
Bayan raba kasar Indiya a shekarar 1947 lokacin da Indiya ta samu 'yancin kai, danginsa sun koma birnin Amritsar mai tsarki da ke jihar Punjab a Arewacin Indiya inda ya shafe mafi yawan kuruciyarsa.
Kakar mahaifinsa ta taso ne bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa a lokacin yana karami. Ya girma a wani karamin kauye a Punjab a cikin 1940s, babu wutar lantarki kuma makaranta mafi kusa tana da nisan mil, bai hana wannan matashin ilimi ba yayin da ya ci gaba da tafiya a cikin wadannan mil kuma ya ci gaba da karatu a karkashin hasken fitilar kananzir.
Duk da irin wadannan matsalolin da ya fuskanta tun yana karami, ya kasance hazikin dalibi, a kodayaushe yana kan gaba a ajinsa ya ci nasara da samun guraben karatu a tsawon rayuwarsa ta ilimi.
Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na digiri da na biyu a shahararriyar jami'ar Punjab da ke Chandigarh a kasar Indiya, ya ci gaba da yin digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki a jami'ar Cambridge da ke kasar Burtaniya, shi ma ya samu gurbin karatu.
Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da karatunsa na digiri na uku a Jami'ar Oxford da ke Burtaniya. Kundin karatunsa na digirin digirgir mai taken 'Aikin fitarwa na Indiya, 1951-1960, tsammanin fitarwa da kuma tasirin siyasa' ya ba shi kyautuka da girmamawa da yawa kuma kawai ya ƙarfafa furcinsa game da yanayin tattalin arziki a Indiya.
Mai tsananin kunya ta yanayi, wannan yaron ya zama abin sha'awar malamai da furofesoshi a Cambridge da Oxford.
Bayan ya samu yabo da yabo a Burtaniya, Dr Manmohan Singh ya koma Indiya zuwa tushensa a Amritsar kuma ya fara koyarwa a wata kwalejin gida.
Duk da haka, wannan mutum mai haske da basira an yi nufinsa don abubuwa mafi girma a rayuwa.
A yayin zamansa na baya-bayan nan a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba karkashin shahararran masanin tattalin arziki Raul Prebisch, Dr Manmohan Singh ya sami tayin koyarwa a makarantar Delhi ta tattalin arziki da aka sani a babban birnin Indiya New Delhi.
Mai kishin kasa zai yi kama da haka, ya yanke shawarar komawa Indiya inda Raul Prebisch ma ya yi masa ba'a yana mai cewa yana yin kuskuren wauta ta hanyar barin aiki wanda mafarki ne ga masana tattalin arziki.
Ba tare da damuwa ba, ya koma Indiya kuma ba da daɗewa ba a cikin 1970s ya zama zaɓi na farko don mukamin ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga Firayim Minista na Indiya. Wannan ya kai shi zama babban mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tattalin arziki, Shugaban Hukumar Tsare-tsare sannan kuma daga baya Gwamnan Babban Bankin Reserve na Indiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa sosai yadda daga matsayinsa na masanin tattalin arziki ya fara aikinsa na siyasa lokacin da ya zama Ministan Kudi na Indiya a karkashin marigayi Firayim Minista PV Narasimha Rao A watan Yuni 1991.
Hakan ya haifar da sabon zamani ga kasar yayin da ya ci gaba da zama mai tsara sauye-sauyen tattalin arzikin Indiya da ke matukar bukata.
Ba daidai ba ne a faɗi cewa a cikin wannan lokacin a cikin 1991, tattalin arzikin Indiya yana cikin rudani sosai. An sami ƙaramin ci gaban tattalin arziki a yawancin sassa musamman masana'antun masana'antu wanda ke da matukar muhimmanci. Kasuwancin aiki ya kasance a mafi ƙanƙanta kuma ƙimar aikin yi ya kasance mara kyau. Tattalin arzikin dimokaradiyyar Indiya ya kasance cikin rashin daidaituwa gaba daya saboda gibin kasafin kudi ya kusan kusan kashi 8.5 na GDP (babban samfurin cikin gida) na kasar.
A takaice dai, Indiya na fuskantar babbar matsalar tattalin arziki kuma yana da matukar wahala ga duk wani masanin tattalin arziki ya dawo da tattalin arzikin kan turbar da ta dace. Don haka, babban nauyi ya hau wuyan Dr Manmohan Singh.
A matsayinsa na hazikin masanin tattalin arziki da ilimi mai zurfi, ya bayyana wa Firayim Minista na lokacin cewa tattalin arzikin Indiya na fuskantar wani rikici da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba kuma zai durkushe idan ba a daidaita shi ba, wanda Firayim Ministan cikin farin ciki ya amince da shi.
Dr Singh ya amince da manufar 'Yantar da Hankali, Bayar da Hankali da Duniya' kuma ya fara hadewar tattalin arzikin Indiya da duniya.
Matakan da ya dauka sun hada da kawar da rajin ba da izini, da rage ikon gwamnati kan tattalin arziki, rage yawan harajin shigo da kayayyaki da ke kai ga bude kofa ga kasashen waje.
Yana da alhakin canza tattalin arzikin Indiya daga gurguzu zuwa mafi yawan jari-hujja. Kamfanonin jama'a an buɗe su ga masu zaman kansu kuma ya share hanyar saka hannun jari kai tsaye na waje (FDI).
Wadannan matakan ba kawai sun samar da ci gaba ga tattalin arzikin Indiya ba har ma sun inganta dunkulewar duniya. Wadannan sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki da Dr Singh ke jagoranta yanzu wani bangare ne na baya-bayan nan na tattalin arzikin Indiya.
Irin wannan tasiri da isar da sauye-sauyen da ya jagoranta suka yi, wanda al'ummar kasar suka tsaya masa a lokacin da aka zabe shi ya zama Firayim Minista na Indiya. Wannan mutumin, wanda ba shi da tarihin siyasa, amma yana da iyawa mai yawa, ilimin duniya da tsarin tafiyar da al'umma zuwa ga nasara, shi ne wanda aka zaba a shekara ta 2004.
A cikin wa'adinsa na shekaru goma daga 2004 zuwa 2014. Gwamnatin Dr Singh ta sami nasarori masu mahimmanci kuma kulawar kansa yana da ban mamaki.
Shi ne firayim minista daya tilo wanda tattalin arzikin kasar ya samu ci gaban GDP na shekara-shekara da kashi 8 cikin dari cikin shekaru takwas a karkashinsa. Baya ga kasar Sin, babu wani tattalin arziki da ya taba irin wannan ci gaban.
A lokacin koma bayan tattalin arzikin duniya na shekarar 2008, tattalin arzikin Indiya ya tsaya tsayin daka kuma ba a samu matsala ba saboda ingantattun manufofinsa. Ya ɗauki matakai masu mahimmanci kuma waɗanda suka yi fice a matsayin tarihi sune NREGA, RTI da UID.
Dokar NREGA (Dokar Garantin Aikin Yi na Ƙarƙara ta Ƙasa, 2005) ta ba da tabbacin mafi ƙarancin albashi ga ɓangaren al'umma mafi talauci kuma ya taimaka inganta rayuwar mutane.
Babban RTI (Dokar Haƙƙin Bayani, 2005), wanda shine kayan aiki mara gardama kuma guda ɗaya mai ƙarfi don samun bayanai don magance cin hanci da rashawa. Da zarar an gabatar da wannan aikin, muhimmin bangare ne kuma wanda ba zai iya rabuwa da shi na miliyoyin 'yan kasar Indiya.
A karshe, UID (Unique Identification) wacce ta yi alkawarin zama cibiyar tattara bayanan jama’a ta duniya kuma za ta taimaka wajen cin gajiyar dimbin alfanun da gwamnati ke samu.
Dr Singh ba wai mai ilimi ne kawai ba, amma yana da gogewa a fannin gudanarwa a mukamai daban-daban na gwamnati tare da sa hannu kai tsaye wajen tsara manufofi kafin ya shiga firaminista.
Dr Singh, mutum mai karancin kalmomi, mutum mai saukin kai da basira mai zurfi ya kasance Almasihu ga tattalin arzikin kasa.
Zai shiga tarihi a matsayin firaministan da ya fi cancanta da ya cika alkawuran zabe, ya kawo gyare-gyare da kafa tattalin arzikin Indiya a karkashin jagorancinsa mai dimbin yawa.
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