Gwamnan RBI yayi Bayanin Siyasar Kuɗi

Gwamnan RBI Shaktikanta Das ya yi Maganar Manufofin Kudi a yau.

Babban mahimman bayanai

1. Tattalin arzikin Indiya ya kasance mai juriya. 

2. Tashin farashi ya nuna alamun daidaitawa kuma mafi muni yana bayan mu. 

3. Kyakkyawan yanayin kwanciyar hankali na macro-tattalin arziki kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin matsakaici a cikin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, haɓakar kasafin kuɗi da kuma tsammanin cewa gibin asusu na yanzu yana iya raguwa a cikin ɓata masu zuwa.  

4. Rupee na Indiya ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin canji a tsakanin takwarorinsa na Asiya a cikin 2022 kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa a wannan shekara kuma.  

5. Ainihin ƙimar manufofin ya koma cikin ƙasa mai kyau kuma tsarin banki ya fita daga cikin Chakravyuh na wuce gona da iri ba tare da haifar da rushewa ba. Hakanan ana ɗaukar watsa manufofin kuɗi 

6. A kan yawan kuɗi, RBI za ta kasance mai sassauƙa kuma tana mai da martani ga buƙatun sassan tattalin arziki masu albarka.  

Cikakkun Bayanin Gwamna

Yayin da na fitar da bayanin manufofin kuɗi na farko na sabuwar shekara, na tuna da mahimmancin tarihi na 2023 ga Babban Bankin Indiya. Daga kasancewa Kamfanin Hannun Hannu na Haɗin gwiwa, Bankin Reserve ya zama mallakar jama'a a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1949.¹ Don haka, shekarar 2023 ta cika shekaru 75 na mallakar jama'a na Bankin Reserve da kuma fitowar ta a matsayin cibiyar kasa. Wannan lokaci ne mai dacewa don yin tunani a taƙaice kan juyin halittar manufofin kuɗi na wannan lokacin. A cikin shekaru 1969 da suka wuce bayan samun 'yancin kai, aikin Bankin Reserve shine tallafawa buƙatun bashi na tattalin arziƙin ƙarƙashin tsare-tsaren shekaru biyar. Shekaru ashirin da suka biyo baya sun kasance suna da alaƙa da mayar da banki a cikin 1980, girgiza mai, samun kuɗi na gibin kasafin kuɗi mai yawa da hauhawar samar da kuɗi da hauhawar farashi. An yi amfani da niyya ta kuɗi a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 don ɗaukar haɓakar samar da kuɗi da magance matsalolin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Tun farkon shekarun 1998, bankin Reserve ya mai da hankali kan gyare-gyaren kasuwa da gina cibiyoyi. An yi amfani da tsarin nuna alama da yawa a cikin Afrilu 2016 wanda a ƙarƙashinsa aka sa ido kan ɗimbin alamomi don tsara manufofi. Bayan rikicin hada-hadar kudi na duniya da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki, yayin da yanayin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ke kara tabarbarewa a Indiya, an dauki matakin daidaita hauhawar farashin kayayyaki (FIT) bisa ka'ida a watan Yunin XNUMX don samar da sahihiyar ginshikin tsarin kudi. Kamar yadda muka sani, babban makasudin manufofin kuɗi a ƙarƙashin tsarin FIT shine kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na farashi yayin la'akari da manufar haɓaka.

2. A halin yanzu, abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata sun gwada tsarin manufofin kuɗi a duniya. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, manufofin kuɗi a duk faɗin duniya sun nisanta daga wannan matsananci zuwa wancan don mayar da martani ga jerin girgizar ƙasa. Ya bambanta da babban lokacin daidaitawa na shekarun 1990s da farkon shekarun wannan karni, manufofin kuɗi sun fuskanci ƙalubalen da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin ayyukan tattalin arziki wanda ya biyo bayan hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a duniya. Wannan yana buƙatar zurfafa fahimtar sauye-sauyen tsarin tattalin arzikin duniya da yanayin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, da kuma tasirinsu ga gudanar da manufofin kuɗi.

3. A cikin yanayin da ba a daidaita ba a duniya a halin yanzu, kasuwanni masu tasowa (EMEs) suna fuskantar cin zarafi tsakanin tallafawa ayyukan tattalin arziki da kuma shawo kan hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, tare da kiyaye amincin manufofin. Yayin da laifuffukan laifuffuka na duniya ke fitowa a fannin kasuwanci, fasaha da zuba jari, akwai bukatar a karfafa hadin gwiwar duniya cikin gaggawa. Duniya na neman Indiya, yanzu a kan G-20, don ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar duniya a yankuna da yawa masu mahimmanci. Wannan yana tunatar da ni abin da Mahatma Gandhi ya ce: "Na yi imani cewa…Indiya… na iya ba da gudummawa mai dorewa ga zaman lafiya da ci gaban duniya."²

Hukunce-hukunce da shawarwari na Kwamitin Manufofin Kuɗi (MPC)

4. Kwamitin tsare-tsare na kudi (MPC) ya gana a ranakun 6, 7 da 8 ga Fabrairu 2023. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi na yanayin tattalin arziki da kuma yadda yake tafiya, MPC ta yanke shawarar da akasarin mambobi 4 daga cikin 6 don kara yawan kudaden da aka samu ta hanyar siyasa. 25 tushe yana nuna 6.50 bisa dari, tare da sakamako nan da nan. Sakamakon haka, adadin wurin ajiyar kuɗi (SDF) zai tsaya a sake dubawa zuwa kashi 6.25; da kuma ƙimar wurin tsaye (MSF) da ƙimar Banki zuwa kashi 6.75 cikin ɗari. MPC ta kuma yanke shawarar da akasarin mambobin 4 daga cikin 6 su ci gaba da mai da hankali kan janye gidaje don tabbatar da cewa hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya kasance a cikin abin da ake son ci gaba, tare da tallafawa ci gaba.

5. Yanzu bari in bayyana dalilin MPC na waɗannan yanke shawara akan ƙimar manufofin da matsayi. Halin tattalin arzikin duniya bai yi kamari ba a yanzu kamar yadda ya kasance a 'yan watannin da suka gabata. Hasashen bunkasuwa a cikin manyan tattalin arziki ya inganta, yayin da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ke kan saukowa, ko da yake har yanzu ya kasance sama da abin da aka yi niyya a manyan kasashe masu karfin tattalin arziki. Halin ya kasance mai ruwa kuma babu tabbas. Dangane da kyakkyawan fata na baya-bayan nan, IMF ta sake duba sama da kididdigar ci gaban duniya na 2022 da 2023.³ Yayin da matsin farashin ke raguwa, bankunan tsakiya da yawa sun zaɓi yin hawan gwal ko tsayawa a hankali. Dalar Amurka ta ja da baya sosai daga matakin da take da shi cikin shekaru ashirin. Matsanancin yanayin kuɗi da ke haifar da munanan manufofin manufofin kuɗi, kasuwannin hada-hadar kuɗi, matsalar bashi, tsawaita rikicin siyasa da rarrabuwar kawuna na ci gaba da haifar da rashin tabbas ga hasashen tattalin arzikin duniya.

6. A cikin wa]annan sauye-sauyen ci gaban duniya, tattalin arzikin Indiya ya kasance mai juriya. An kiyasta ci gaban GDP na gaske da kashi 7.0 cikin 2022 a shekarar 23-2023, bisa ga kiyasin farko na ofishin kididdiga na kasa (NSO). Babban rabon rabi, dorewar buƙatun birane, haɓaka buƙatun karkara, haɓakar ƙima mai ƙarfi, samun riba a cikin mabukaci da kyakkyawan fata na kasuwanci da haɓakar yunƙurin gwamnati kan kashe kuɗi da ababen more rayuwa a cikin Budget ɗin Tarayyar 24-XNUMX yakamata su tallafawa ayyukan tattalin arziki a cikin shekara mai zuwa. Rarraunan buƙatun waje da yanayin duniya mara tabbas, duk da haka, zai zama ja da baya ga ci gaban gida.

7. Haɓakar farashin kayan masarufi a Indiya ya ƙaura ƙasa da matakin juriya na sama a cikin watan Nuwamba-Disamba 2022, sakamakon raguwar farashin kayan lambu. Babban hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, duk da haka, ya kasance mai ɗaure.

8. Duba gaba, yayin da ake sa ran hauhawar farashin kayayyaki zai daidaita a cikin 2023-24, yana yiwuwa ya yi mulki sama da kashi 4 cikin dari. Hankalin yana cike da rudani ta hanyar ci gaba da rashin tabbas daga tashe-tashen hankula na geopolitical, rugujewar kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi ta duniya, hauhawar farashin kayayyakin da ba na mai ba da kuma hauhawar farashin danyen mai. A sa'i daya kuma, ana sa ran ayyukan tattalin arziki a Indiya zai ci gaba sosai. Haɗin kuɗin tun daga Mayu 2022 har yanzu suna kan hanyarsu ta tsarin. A kan ma'auni, MPC na da ra'ayin cewa ƙarin daidaita tsarin manufofin kuɗi yana da garantin ci gaba da tsammanin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, karya dagewar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki kuma ta haka ne ke ƙarfafa ci gaban matsakaicin lokaci. Saboda haka, MPC ta yanke shawarar ɗaga yawan kuɗin da aka samu ta hanyar maki 25 zuwa kashi 6.50 cikin ɗari. MPC za ta ci gaba da yin taka tsantsan game da yanayin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki don tabbatar da cewa ya kasance cikin rukunin juriya kuma yana ci gaba da daidaitawa da manufa.

9. Ana sa ran hauhawar farashi zuwa matsakaicin 5.6 bisa dari a cikin Q4: 2023-24 yayin da tsarin tsarin manufofin shine 6.50 bisa dari. Daidaita don hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, ƙimar manufofin har yanzu tana bin matakan da aka riga aka yi na annoba. Liquidity ya kasance a cikin ragi, tare da matsakaita na yau da kullun na ₹ 1.6 lakh crore a ƙarƙashin LAF a cikin Janairu 2023. Gabaɗayan yanayin kuɗi, don haka, ya kasance mai dacewa kuma saboda haka, MPC ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da mai da hankali kan janye masauki.

Tantance Girma da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki

Girmancin

10. Bayanan da aka samo don Q3 da Q4: 2022-23 sun nuna cewa ayyukan tattalin arziki a Indiya ya kasance mai juriya. Bukatar amfani da birane na dada kara karfi, sakamakon dorewar farfadowa a cikin kashe kudi na hankali, musamman kan ayyuka kamar balaguro, yawon bude ido da karbar baki. Siyar da motocin fasinja da zirga-zirgar fasinja na cikin gida sun sami ci gaba mai ƙarfi a kowace shekara (yoy). Jirgin fasinja na cikin gida ya ketare matakan riga-kafin cutar a karon farko a cikin Disamba 2022. Buƙatun karkara na ci gaba da nuna alamun ci gaba yayin da tallace-tallacen tarakta da tallace-tallace masu taya biyu suka faɗaɗa a cikin Disamba. Ma'anoni masu girma da yawa⁴ kuma nuni zuwa ga ƙarfafa ayyuka.

11. Ayyukan zuba jari na ci gaba da samun karbuwa. Adadin bankin da ba na abinci ba ya karu da kashi 16.7 cikin 27 (yoy) kamar yadda aka yi a ranar 2023 ga Janairu, 20.8. Jimillar albarkatu zuwa bangaren kasuwanci ya karu da ₹ 2022 crore a lokacin 23-12.5 ya zuwa yanzu sabanin 74.5 lakh crore a shekara. da suka wuce. Ma'anoni na ƙayyadaddun zuba jari - fitowar siminti; amfani da karfe; da kuma samarwa da shigo da kayayyaki na babban birnin kasar - haɓaka mai ƙarfi a cikin Nuwamba da Disamba. A sassa da yawa kamar su siminti, karafa, hakar ma'adinai da sinadarai, akwai alamun cewa ana samun ƙarin ƙarfi a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Bisa ga binciken RBI, amfani da iya aiki na lokaci-lokaci ya karu zuwa 2 bisa dari a cikin Q2022: 23-3. Jawo daga buƙatun waje, a gefe guda, ya ci gaba kamar yadda aka yi kwangilar fitar da kayayyaki a cikin Q2022: 23-XNUMX.

12. A bangaren wadata, aikin noma ya kasance mai ƙarfi tare da shuka rabi mai kyau, matakan tafki mafi girma, damshin ƙasa mai kyau, yanayin sanyi mai kyau da wadatar takin mai daɗi.⁵ Masana'antar PMI da sabis na PMI sun kasance cikin haɓakawa a 55.4 da 57.2 bi da bi, a cikin Janairu 2023.

13. Idan muka juya ga hangen nesa, babban rabon rabi da ake tsammanin ya inganta aikin noma da buƙatar karkara. Ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin sassan da ke da alaƙa ya kamata su goyi bayan amfani da birane. Babban haɓakar bashi, inganta ƙarfin amfani, himmar gwamnati kan kashe kuɗi da kayayyakin more rayuwa yakamata su ƙarfafa ayyukan saka hannun jari. Dangane da binciken mu, masana'antu, ayyuka da kamfanonin sassan samar da ababen more rayuwa suna da kyakkyawan fata game da yanayin kasuwanci. A gefe guda kuma, tsawaita tashe-tashen hankula na geopolitical, ƙarfafa yanayin kuɗi na duniya da rage buƙatun waje na iya ci gaba a matsayin ƙasa da ƙasa ga fitarwar cikin gida. Yin la'akari da duk waɗannan abubuwan, ana hasashen haɓakar GDP na gaske na 2023-24 a 6.4 bisa ɗari tare da Q1 a 7.8 bisa ɗari; Q2 a 6.2 bisa dari; Q3 a 6.0 bisa dari; kuma Q4 a 5.8 bisa dari. Haɗarin sun daidaita daidai gwargwado.

kumbura

14. Kanun labarai kan hauhawar farashin kayayyaki na CPI wanda aka daidaita da maki 105 a tsakanin Nuwamba-Disamba 2022 daga matakinsa na 6.8 bisa dari a cikin Oktoba 2022. Wannan ya faru ne saboda sassaucin hauhawar farashin kayan abinci a bayan faduwar farashin kayan lambu, wanda sama da diyya. hauhawar farashin kayayyaki daga hatsi, kayan abinci masu gina jiki da kayan yaji. Sakamakon wannan a baya fiye da yadda ake tsammani da kuma raguwar yanayi a farashin kayan lambu, hauhawar farashin kayayyaki na Q3:2022-23 ya zama ƙasa da hasashenmu. Babban hauhawar farashin kayayyaki na CPI (watau CPI ban da abinci da man fetur), duk da haka, ya kasance mai girma.

15. Ci gaba, yanayin hauhawar farashin abinci zai ci gajiyar girbi mai yuwuwa mai yuwuwa wanda alkama da hatsi ke jagoranta. Masu shigowa Mandi da kuma siyan kharif paddy sun yi ƙarfi, wanda ya haifar da haɓakawa a cikin buffer hannun jari na shinkafa. Duk waɗannan abubuwan haɓaka sun dace da yanayin hauhawar abinci a cikin 2023-24.

16. Akwai rashin tabbas kan yanayin farashin kayayyaki na duniya, gami da farashin danyen mai. Farashin kayayyaki na iya kasancewa da ƙarfi tare da sauƙaƙe ƙuntatawa masu alaƙa da COVID-19 a wasu sassan duniya. Ci gaba da wucewa ta farashin shigarwa, musamman a cikin ayyuka, na iya kiyaye ainihin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a matakan haɓaka. Alƙawarin ƙarfafa kasafin kuɗin da aka ci gaba a cikin kasafin kuɗi na Tarayyar Turai na 2023-24 da kuma makomar rage gibin kasafin kuɗi na gaba zai haifar da yanayin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki. Wannan yana da kyau ga hasashen hauhawar farashin kaya. Bugu da ari, ƙarancin juzu'i na rupee Indiya dangane da kuɗin takwarorinsu yana iyakance tasirin matsin farashin da aka shigo da shi da sauran ɓarna a duniya. Yin la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan da kuma ɗaukar matsakaicin farashin ɗanyen mai (kwando na Indiya) na dalar Amurka 95 kowace ganga, ana hasashen hauhawar farashin kayayyaki zuwa kashi 6.5 cikin ɗari a 2022-23, tare da Q4 akan 5.7 bisa ɗari. Dangane da hasashen damina ta al'ada, ana hasashen hauhawar farashin CPI a 5.3 bisa dari na 2023-24, tare da Q1 a kashi 5.0 cikin ɗari, Q2 a kashi 5.4 cikin ɗari, Q3 a 5.4 bisa ɗari da Q4 a 5.6 bisa ɗari. Haɗarin sun daidaita daidai gwargwado.

17. Kanun labarai hauhawar farashin kaya ya daidaita tare da mummunan tasiri a cikin Nuwamba da Disamba 2022, amma tsayin daka na asali ko hauhawar farashin kayayyaki abin damuwa ne. Muna buƙatar ganin matsakaicin matsakaici a cikin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Dole ne mu ci gaba da jajircewa a cikin yunƙurinmu na kawo ƙarshen hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Don haka, dole ne a keɓance manufofin kuɗi don tabbatar da dawwamammen tsari na lalata kayayyaki. An yi la'akari da haɓaka ƙimar maki 25 a matsayin dacewa a halin yanzu. Rage girman girman hauhawar farashin ya ba da damar yin la'akari da tasirin ayyukan da aka yi a halin yanzu game da hasashen hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kuma tattalin arzikin gaba ɗaya. Hakanan yana ba da dakin gwiwar hannu don auna duk bayanan da ke shigowa da hasashen don tantance ayyukan da suka dace da matsayin manufofin, ci gaba. Manufofin kuɗi za su ci gaba da kasancewa a hankali da faɗakarwa ga sassa masu motsi a cikin yanayin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki don magance kalubalen tattalin arziki yadda ya kamata.

Liquidity da Yanayin Kasuwar Kudi

18. Yayin da muke gabatowa ƙarshen 2022-23, yana da kyau a sake dawo da mahimman abubuwan ci gaba akan manufofin kuɗi a cikin shekara guda da ta gabata. Bayan da aka fara yaki a Turai, wanda ya yi matukar sauya yanayin karuwar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a duniya, ciki har da Indiya, mun dauki matakai da dama don amfanin tattalin arzikin Indiya. Mun ba da fifiko ga daidaiton farashi akan haɓaka a cikin Afrilu 2022; mun kafa wani babban gyara a cikin tsarin tafiyar da manufofin kuɗi ta hanyar ƙaddamar da wurin ajiyar kuɗi (SDF); mun mayar da nisa na hanyar manufofin zuwa matakin da ya riga ya kamu da cutar; mun daga darajar repo da 40 bps da kuma adadin ajiyar kuɗi (CRR) da 50 bps a wani taro na sake zagayowar a watan Mayu; mun matsar da manufar manufar mayar da hankali kan janye masauki; mun ci gaba da zagayowar ƙudiri a kowane taro na MPC; kuma mun ɗauki hanya mai sauƙi da sassauƙa don gudanar da harkokin ruwa ta hanyar gudanar da ayyuka biyu masu canzawa (VRRR) da madaidaicin ƙimar repo (VRR) kamar yadda ake buƙata. Sakamakon duk waɗannan matakan, an ƙaddamar da ƙimar manufofin gaske zuwa yanki mai kyau; tsarin banki ya tashi daga Chakravyuh⁶ na wuce haddi liquidity; hauhawar farashin kayayyaki yana daidaitawa; kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai juriya.

19. Kamar yadda na yi wannan bayani, tsarin liquidity zauna a ragi, ko da yake na wani m tsari idan aka kwatanta da Afrilu 2022. A cikin lokaci gaba, yayin da mafi girma gwamnati kashe kudi da kuma tsammanin dawowar forex inflows ne m zuwa augment systemic liquidity, zai samu. an daidaita shi ta hanyar shirin fansa na LTRO da TLTRO⁷ kudade a cikin Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu 2023. Bankin Reserve zai kasance mai sassauƙa da kuma mai da hankali ga biyan buƙatun tattalin arziki. Za mu gudanar da ayyuka a kowane bangare na LAF, dangane da haɓakar yanayin ruwa.

20. A matsayin wani ɓangare na mu sannu a hankali matsawa zuwa normalizing liquidity da kasuwa ayyuka, yanzu an yanke shawarar mayar da kasuwar sa'o'i ga gwamnati Securities kasuwar zuwa pre-cutar lokaci na 9 na safe zuwa 5 na yamma.⁸ Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarinmu na ci gaba da haɓaka kasuwannin hannayen jari na gwamnati, mun ba da shawarar ba da izinin ba da lamuni da rancen G-secs. Wannan zai samar wa masu zuba jari hanyar da za su yi amfani da bayanan da ba su da amfani, inganta dawo da fayil da sauƙaƙe shiga cikin faffadan. Wannan ma'auni kuma zai ƙara zurfi da ƙima ga kasuwar G-sec; taimako ingantaccen gano farashin; da kuma yin aiki don ganin an kammala shirin lamuni na kasuwa na cibiyar da jihohi.

21. Taki na watsa ayyukan manufofin kuɗi don ba da lamuni da ajiyar kuɗi ya ƙarfafa a cikin sake zagayowar yanzu. Matsakaicin ƙimar lamuni mai nauyi (WALR) akan sabbin lamunin rupee da lamuni masu ban mamaki sun ƙaru da 137 bps da 80 bps bi da bi, a tsakanin Mayu zuwa Disamba 2022. Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin lokacin ajiya na cikin gida akan sabbin adibas da fitattun adibas ya karu da 213 bps da 75 bps bi da bi.

22. Rupee na Indiya ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin canji a cikin takwarorinsa na Asiya a cikin kalandar shekara ta 2022 kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa a wannan shekara kuma.⁹ Hakazalika, faduwar darajar Rupe ta Indiya a lokacin da ake fama da tashe-tashen hankula da dama sun yi ƙasa sosai fiye da lokacin rikicin kuɗi na duniya da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki.¹⁰ A cikin ma'ana mai mahimmanci, motsi na rupee yana nuna ƙarfin tattalin arzikin Indiya.

Bangaren Waje

23. Raba asusun na yanzu (CAD) na farkon rabin 2022-23 ya tsaya a 3.3 bisa dari na GDP. Halin ya nuna ci gaba a cikin Q3: 2022-23 kamar yadda aka daidaita shigo da kayayyaki a sakamakon raguwar farashin kayayyaki, wanda ya haifar da raguwar gibin cinikin kayayyaki. Bugu da ari, fitar da ayyuka ya karu da kashi 24.9 cikin ɗari (yoy) a cikin Q3:2022-23, wanda software, kasuwanci da sabis na balaguro ke jagoranta. Ana sa ran kashe kuɗin software na duniya da sabis na IT zai kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin 2023. Haɓaka kuɗin da aka samu ga Indiya a cikin H1 na 2022-23 ya kusan kashi 26 cikin ɗari - fiye da sau biyu hasashen Bankin Duniya na shekara. Wataƙila wannan zai ci gaba da yin ƙarfi saboda ingantacciyar ci gaban ƙasashen Gulf. Ana sa ran ma'auni na yanar gizo a ƙarƙashin ayyuka da kudaden da ake aikawa za su kasance cikin ragi mai yawa, wani ɓangare na rage gibin ciniki. Ana sa ran CAD ya daidaita a cikin H2:2022-23 kuma ya kasance mai iya sarrafa shi sosai kuma cikin ma'auni na yuwuwa.¹¹

24. A bangaren kudi, net waje zuba jari kai tsaye (FDI) gudãna da karfi a US $22.3 biliyan a lokacin Afrilu-Disamba 2022 (US $ 24.8 biliyan a daidai lokacin bara). Gudun fayil ɗin ƙasashen waje sun nuna alamun haɓaka tare da ingantaccen kwararar dalar Amurka biliyan 8.5 a cikin watan Yuli zuwa 6 ga Fabrairu, wanda rarrabuwar kayyade ke gudana (gudanarwar fayil ɗin ƙasashen waje, duk da haka, mara kyau a cikin shekarar kuɗi ya zuwa yanzu). Kudaden shiga yanar gizo a karkashin adibas wadanda ba mazauna ba sun karu zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 3.6 a tsakanin Afrilu-Nuwamba 2022 daga dala biliyan 2.6 a shekara guda da ta gabata, wanda matakan Bankin Reserve ya bunkasa a ranar 6 ga Yuli. Asusun ajiyar waje ya sake dawowa daga dala biliyan 524.5 a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2022 zuwa dala biliyan 576.8 kamar yadda a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2023 ke rufe kusan watanni 9.4 na shigo da kayayyaki na 2022-23. Adadin basussukan waje na Indiya ya yi ƙasa sosai bisa ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya.¹²

Ƙarin Matakan

25. Yanzu zan sanar da wasu ƙarin matakan.

Laifin Hukunci akan Lamuni

26. A halin yanzu, ana buƙatar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙarfafawa (REs) don samun manufar yin amfani da sha'awa a kan ci gaba. REs, duk da haka, suna bin ayyuka daban-daban akan ɗaukar irin waɗannan tuhume-tuhumen. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan tuhume-tuhumen an kafa su don wuce gona da iri. Don ƙara haɓaka gaskiya, daidaito da kariyar mabukaci, za a fitar da daftarin jagororin kan harajin hukunci don samun tsokaci daga masu ruwa da tsaki.

Hadarin yanayi da Kudi mai dorewa

27. Sanin mahimmancin haɗarin kuɗi da ke da alaƙa da yanayi wanda zai iya haifar da kwanciyar hankali na kuɗi, Babban Bankin Reserve ya ba da takardar Tattaunawa akan Haɗarin Yanayi da Kuɗi mai dorewa a cikin Yuli 2022. Dangane da ra'ayoyin da aka samu, an yanke shawarar fitar da jagororin REs akan (i) babban tsari don karɓar Adadin Green; (ii) tsarin bayyanawa akan Hatsarin Kuɗi masu alaƙa da yanayi; da (iii) jagora akan Binciken Halin yanayi da Gwajin damuwa.

Fadada Iyalin TRDS

28. Don amfanin MSMEs, Bankin Reserve ya gabatar da wani tsari a cikin 2014 don sauƙaƙe kuɗaɗen kuɗin kasuwancin su ta hanyar Tsarin Rarraba Rarraba Kasuwanci (TReDS). Yanzu an ba da shawarar fadada iyakokin TREDs ta (i) samar da wurin inshora don ba da kuɗin daftari; (ii) ba da izinin duk ƙungiyoyi / cibiyoyi da ke gudanar da kasuwancin ƙira don shiga a matsayin masu kuɗi a cikin TRDS; da (iii) ba da izinin sake rangwame na daftari (wato, haɓaka kasuwa na biyu a cikin TRDS). Ana sa ran waɗannan matakan za su inganta kuɗin kuɗi na MSMEs.

Ƙaddamar da UPI don Masu Tafiya zuwa Indiya

29. UPI ya zama babbar mashahuri don biyan kuɗi na dijital a Indiya. Yanzu an ba da shawarar ba da izinin duk matafiya masu shigowa Indiya don amfani da UPI don biyan kuɗin cinikinsu (P2M) yayin da suke cikin ƙasar. Da farko, za a fadada wannan wurin ga matafiya daga ƙasashen G-20 da suka isa zaɓaɓɓun filayen jirgin saman ƙasa da ƙasa.

Injin Siyar da Kuɗi na tushen QR Code - Aikin matukin jirgi

30. Bankin Reserve na Indiya zai kaddamar da wani aikin gwaji akan QR Code based Coin Vending Machine (QCVM) a cikin birane 12. Wadannan injunan sayar da kayayyaki za su ba da tsabar kudi a kan zare kudi zuwa asusun abokin ciniki ta amfani da UPI maimakon tallar takardun banki. Wannan zai haɓaka sauƙin samun dama ga tsabar kudi. Dangane da koyo daga matukin jirgin, za a ba da jagororin ga bankuna don inganta rarraba tsabar kudi ta amfani da waɗannan injina.

Kammalawa

31. Yayin da muka fara sabuwar shekara, lokaci ne mai kyau don yin tunani a kan tafiyarmu zuwa yanzu da abin da ke gaba. Lokacin da na waiwaya baya, abin farin ciki ne a lura cewa tattalin arzikin Indiya ya yi nasarar magance manyan firgici a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata kuma ya fi ƙarfin da. Indiya tana da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi, yanayi mai ba da damar siyasa, da ƙaƙƙarfan tushe na tattalin arziƙin tattalin arziƙi da buffers don tunkarar ƙalubalen nan gaba.

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Babban Taron Jarida na Bayanin Kuɗi na Shri Shaktikanta Das, RBI Gwamna