Wani wuri mai kyan gani a gefen teku na Mahabalipuram a jihar Tamil Nadu ta Indiya ya baje kolin tarihin al'adu na ƙarni.
Mahabalipuram or Mamallapuram tsohon birni ne a ciki Tamil Nadu jihar a kudancin Indiya mai nisan kilomita 50 kudu maso yamma da Chennai, babban birnin Tamil Nadu. Ya kasance birni mai wadataccen tashar tashar jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci akan Bay na Bengal a farkon karni na 1 AD kuma ana amfani dashi azaman alamar kewayawa na jiragen ruwa. Mahabalipuram wani bangare ne na daular Tamil da ake kira Pallava Daular a cikin ƙarni na 7 zuwa 9 AD kuma mafi yawan yanki shine babban birninsu. Wannan daular ta yi mulkin kudancin Indiya kuma ana kiran wannan lokacin zamanin zinariya.
An yi imanin cewa ana kiran Mahabalipuram sunan sarki Mahabali wanda ya sadaukar da kansa ga Vamama, cikin jiki na biyar na Ubangiji. Vishnu a addinin Hindu don samun 'yanci. An rubuta wannan a cikin tsohuwar rubutun Indiya da ake kira Vishnu Puran. Kalmar "puram" kalma ce ta Sanskrit don mazaunin birni. Don haka ana fassara Mahabalipuram a zahiri a matsayin "birnin Bali mai girma". An san birnin don rairayin bakin teku masu farin azurfa, wallafe-wallafe da fasaha da gine-ginen da suka ƙunshi sassakakkun sassaka na dutse, temples kuma wurin Tarihin Duniya ne na UNESCO.
Sarakunan Pallava na daular Pallava sun kasance masu ƙarfi da tunani na falsafa waɗanda aka sani da majiɓincin fasaha. Sun gina hadaddun haikali bakwai da aka fi sani da 'Pagodas Bakwai na Mahabalipuram' kuma babban abin da ya kamata ya kafa wannan rukunin ya tafi ga Sarkin Pallava Narsimha Varman II. Ana kuma tunanin Mamallapuram an saka masa suna saboda ya sami lakabin Mamallan ko 'babban kokawa'.
Mafi daɗe da ambaton waɗannan temples a matsayin 'Pagodas' shine lokacin da aka yi amfani da wannan a matsayin fitila don jagorantar masu jirgin ruwa zuwa bakin teku lokacin da suke zuwa Indiya. Wadannan kyawawan haikalin dutsen dutsen da ke bakin tekun Bay na Bengal duk suna cikin Mahabalipuram yanzu ana tunanin za su nutse sai dai wanda ake gani a yau da ake kira Haikalin Shore da aka keɓe ga Shiva kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin haikali a Indiya.
Sunan haikalin bakin teku a zahiri don haka yana kan gabar Tekun Bengal duk da cewa an sanya wannan sunan a yanzu kuma ba a san ainihin sunansa ba. Wannan haikalin, wanda aka yi shi da baki baki ɗaya gini ne mai sifar dala mai hawa biyar da aka gina da sassaƙaƙƙen duwatsu mai tushe mai murabba'in ƙafa 50 da tsayin ƙafa 60. Shi ne farkon sanannen haikali mai 'yanci a cikin jihar Tamil Nadu. Matsayin wannan haikalin shine yadda hasken rana na farko da safe ke faɗo kan allahntaka a gabas suna fuskantar wurin ibada. An ƙawata haikalin da tsararren tsararrun bas-reliefs.
Baƙi suna shiga harabar haikalin ta hanyar ƙofa. Akwai sassaka sassaka guda dayawa da yawa da ke kusa da hadadden haikalin. Akwai kusan mutum-mutumi Nandi ɗari a cikin rukunin kuma kowanne an sassaƙa su daga dutse ɗaya. An yi wa bijimin Nandi sujada sosai a tsohuwar Indiya. An yi imanin cewa sauran gidajen ibada guda shida sun nutse a cikin ruwa a wani wuri da ke gabar tekun Mahabalipuram. Lankwasa sarakunan Pallava zuwa ga kerawa yana nunawa ta hanyar arziƙi da kyawawan gine-gine a Mahabalipuram. Wadatar yankakken kogwanni, haikalin da aka sassaka daga duwatsu guda, bas-reliefs suna nuna fasahar fasaharsu.
An gudanar da balaguron balaguro da yawa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, tono da bincike tun 2002 ta Archaeological Society of India (ASI) tare da haɗin gwiwar hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma ɗaukar taimakon Navy na karimci don gano bayanai game da haikalin da aka nutse. Balaguron cikin ruwa yana da ƙalubale sosai kuma masu ruwa da tsaki sun gano bangon da suka ruguje, ginshiƙai da suka karye, matakai da kuma tubalan dutse a warwatse a kan wani babban wuri duk da cewa suna kwance babu damuwa.
A lokacin tsunami a gabashin gabar tekun Indiya a shekara ta 2004, birnin Mahabalipuram ya kasance cikin ruwa na tsawon kwanaki kuma dukkan gine-ginen da ke kewayen haikalin sun sami barna mai yawa. Duk da haka, wannan tsunami ya kuma tono abubuwan tarihi na tarihi da aka boye a cikin teku tsawon shekaru aru-aru. A lokacin tsunami lokacin da tekun ya ja baya a kusa da nisan mita 500, an ga 'dogon dutse madaidaiciya' ya fito daga ruwan kafin a sake rufe shi. Har ila yau, an wanke wasu abubuwan da aka boye ko batattu a bakin teku a lokacin da igiyar ruwa ta tsunami ta janye tare da cire yashi da ya rufe irin wadannan gine-gine, misali babban zaki na dutse da giwayen dutse da bai cika ba.
Babban tarihin Mahabalipuram ya riga ya bayyana da kyau saboda yaɗuwar zane-zanen gargajiya a cikin gidajen unguwanni kuma abin ban sha'awa ana gina su a yau tare da dabaru iri ɗaya waɗanda aka yi amfani da su tuntuni. Irin wannan binciken ya sake sabunta sha'awar Mahabalipuram kuma ana ci gaba da gudanar da bincike don warware tambayoyi da ka'idoji game da abubuwan da suka faru a birnin.
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