Daga alamar Indiya zuwa labaran alfahari na kasa, Indiyawa suna bin Ashoka mai girma bashi mai yawa. Abin da Sarkin sarakuna Ashoka zai yi tunani game da zuriyarsa 'yan siyasar Indiya na zamani, idan zai yi tafiya zuwa Rampurwā (ko Rampurva) a Champaran, ƙauyen da ba a bayyana ba, ƙauye a bakin kogin Anoma wanda ya yanke hukunci cewa ya zama na musamman. mai tsarki kuma mai mahimmanci kimanin shekaru 2275 da suka wuce? Wannan shine kadai wurin da a duniya ke da Pillars guda biyu na Ashokan tare da Bull and Lion Capitals wanda Sarkin sarakuna Ashok ya girka don tunawa da ''Buda ya hau kan hanyar neman ilimi''; Anan ne Buddha, bayan ya isa gaɓar kogin Anoma bayan ya bar iyalinsa ya musanya rigunansa na sarauta da rigar ascetic kuma ya sare gashinsa masu kyau. Yiwuwa, Sarkin sarakuna zai yi tunani mai kyau na matashin masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi Carlleyle wanda ya yi tunanin tsohuwar babbar hanyar sarauta daga Pataliputra zuwa kwarin Nepal don gano wurin Rampurwā kimanin shekaru 150 da suka gabata kusa da wannan babbar hanyar yanzu ganuwa; kuma watakila, da ya yi shiru don sanin cewa babban birnin zaki na Rampurwā ya fadi kuma ya rushe kashi biyu a cikin tsaro na gidan kayan gargajiya na Indiya a Kolkata a cikin 2013. Kuma, watakila a matsayin kakanni mafi tsayi a tarihin siyasar Indiya, zai yi tsammani. 'Yan siyasar Indiya na zuriyarsa don girmama ra'ayinsa game da shafin yanar gizon Rampurwā, don sauya babban sakaci na wannan ci gaban wayewa, dawo da duka Rampurwā Bull da Lion Capitals zuwa asalin wurin da kuma dawo da ɗaukaka da ɗaukaka na wurin mai tsarki. wanda aka haife shi a cikin 20th shekarar mulkinsa.
Yuni 29, 2020
Idan kuna ziyartar Rashtrapati Bhavan a New Delhi (wanda aka fi sani da Viceroy Lodge a lokacin Biritaniya), mazaunin shugaban Indiya za ku iya lura da babban babban dutsen yashi na karni na uku BC na Ashokan Pillar wanda aka sani da Rampurva Bull1 an ɗaura shi a kan tudu tsakanin ginshiƙai na tsakiya a ƙofar gaba na Rashtrapati Bhavan. Wani muhimmin sashi na tsohuwar Indiya2, An gano babban birnin Rampurva Bull ne shekaru 144 da suka gabata ta hannun wani masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Burtaniya ACL Carlleyle a shekara ta 1876 a wani ƙauyen da ba na rubutu ba mai suna. Rampurva in Gaunaha block in Narkatiganj yanki na yamma Champaran Gundumar Bihar3.
Carlleyle ya gudanar da bincike mai zurfi na archaeological na shafuka a cikin Champaran da kewaye a lokacin 1875-80. Ya kasance a Laoriya, lokacin da wasu tharus daga terai ya sauko masa ya sanar da shi wani wuri a arewa da wani dutse da aka makale a kasa wanda ake kira da sunan gida kamar Bhim's Lat, kuma wanda suka ce yayi kama da saman ko babban birnin ginshiƙi a Laoriya. Carlleyle nan da nan ya yi zargin wannan wani yanki ne na wani ginshiƙi kuma ya yi shiri nan take don bincika wurin. Bayan isa kauyen Rampurwa ko Rampurva a cikin terai, ya sami babban yanki na babban ginshiƙi mai kama da na Laoriya wanda yake mannewa daga ƙasa a cikin madaidaicin matsayi kusa da gabar gabas na ƙaramin kogi mai suna Hariora ko Haribora Nadi,
A cikin rahotonsa na farko da aka buga a 1885, Carleyle ya rubuta…Gano wani ginshiƙin Asoka da aka rubuta a Rampurwā a cikin Tarai, a gindin tsaunin Nepal, mil 32 zuwa arewacin Betiya. Rubutun harafi ne na harafi, daidai da na ginshiƙai biyu kusa da Betiya. Yanzu tana kwance tana sujjada da wani sashi na rubutun karkashin ruwa. A cikin faɗuwarta babban birnin ya karye, kuma kawai an sami ɓangaren ƙananan kararrawa a manne da sandar. An adana wannan yanki ta wani katafaren ƙulli na tagulla, wanda aka manne babban birnin zuwa ga shaft''…. Game da wurin wurin, ya ci gaba da gaba….''yanzu ya bayyana cewa an yi nufin karanta rubutun da ke kan waɗannan ginshiƙai ne ta hanyar matafiya da mahajjata da ke tafiya a kan tsohuwar hanyar arewa daga Ganges daura da Pataliputra zuwa Nipal. Don haka ya kamata in yi tsammanin samun ko dai wani ginshiƙi, ko kuma wani rubutu da aka yanka, wanda har yanzu ya ci gaba da zuwa arewa a wani wuri a cikin Nipal Tarai. Rampurwā Pillar yana kan tsohuwar titin arewa mai shiga Nipal''.4
Kuma, ta haka ne aka sake fara labarin Rampurwa a cikin karni na sha tara bayan da dama ƙarni zuwa mantuwa bayan Ashoka kafa shi don tunawa da muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a cikin rayuwar Buddha.
Ƙarin bincike da tonawa daga Daya Ram Sahni. ya kai ga gano wani ginshiƙi a kusa da (ginshiƙi na biyu ba shi da wata doka a bayyane a yanzu kamar yadda ake ganin an sare shi), manyan bijimin da zaki, sulke na tagulla, da wasu ƴan kayan tarihi kaɗan. Tun da farko, an yi tunanin cewa ginshiƙan biyu na ginshiƙi ɗaya ne amma na Abubuwan da suka faru na 1907-08 ya tabbatar da cewa akwai biyu daban-daban Ashokan Pillars, kowanne da jarin dabba daya a ciki Rampurwa 5, wani ginshiƙi tare da babban bijimi, ɗayan kuma tare da babban zaki. Babban Birnin Bull yanzu yana aiki azaman kayan ado a ƙofar gidan shugaban ƙasar Indiya1 yayin da Babban Birnin Zaki ya lalace sosai Gidan kayan gargajiya na Indiya a Kolkata inda ta fado saboda yadda aka kama ta kuma ta kutsa kai guda biyu 6,7 kuma ginshiƙan biyu da aka cire daga ainihin inda suke suna sujada a cikin rugujewar yanayi a ƙasa a ƙauyen Rampurwā a Champaran.
Amma akwai ƙarin ga dalilan da ke tattare da mahimmancin Rampurwa - ban da kasancewa wurin Ubangiji Buddha yana watsi da rayuwar duniya zuwa neman ilimi, Rampurwā ana ba da shawarar zama ainihin wurin da aka yi mutuwa da parinirvana na Gautama Buddha (Waddell,1896). Wataƙila wannan shine babban dalilin da yasa Sarkin sarakuna Ashoka ya riƙe wannan rukunin don ya zama mai tsarki na musamman.
A bayyane yake, akwai wasu muhimman kwararan shaidu da ke nuna cewa wannan shi ne ainihin wurin Mahāparinirvāṇa na Buddha: Pillars biyu na Ashokan kusa da kusanci kamar yadda wani matafiyi na kasar Sin Xuanzang ya ambata; Dukkan ginshiƙan biyu sun faɗi daidai a hanya ɗaya kamar yadda matafiya na kasar Sin Faxian da Xuanzang suka ambata; babu ambaton Buddha na tsallaka kogin Gandak a cikin Mahāparinibbāna Sutta; kuma Rampurwā ya faɗi kan tsohuwar hanyar kasuwanci da ke haɗa Magadha, Vaiśālī tare da Nepāl. 8,9
Amma me yasa babu alamun stūpas ko haikali a Rampurwā kuma a ina ne ragowar birnin Pāvā da Kuśinārā ke da alaƙa da parinirvana na Buddha? Ana iya binne amsoshin a cikin zurfin yashi da ƙasa a Rampurwa. Don wannan, mutum yana buƙatar gudanar da bincike kuma abin takaici babu wani ingantaccen tono kayan tarihi da aka yi a wurin Rampurwā tukuna. Dabarun kimiyya kamar binciken radar shiga ƙasa na iya taimakawa sosai wajen amsa tambayar gabaɗaya.8,9
Abin sha'awa, bisa ga monograph ɗaya10,11, Rampurva jan ƙarfe na ginshiƙi na Aśoka, yana da rubutun Indus Script (hieroglyph dalili ne na hoto don nuna alamar sautin kalmar; hypertext shine hieroglyph mai alaƙa da kalma mai sauti iri ɗaya; kuma an tsara Indus Script tare da hieroglyphs waɗanda aka haɗa azaman hypertext).
Rashin isassun shaidu ya zuwa yanzu da kuma bambance-bambancen ra'ayoyin masana tarihi na zamani na inuwa daban-daban, duk da haka, gaskiyar da ke gabanmu duka don godiya shine ''Sarkin sarakuna Ashoka da kansa ya ɗauki Rampurwā a matsayin kawai wurin da ya isa ya kafa ginshiƙai biyu na tunawa''. Wannan kadai ya kamata ya zama kyakkyawan dalili don ayyana wannan rukunin yanar gizon a matsayin ci gaba a Indiya wayewa da kuma mayar da ainihin ɗaukaka a matsayin alamar girmamawa ga Ubangiji Buddha da Sarkin sarakuna Ashoka.
Watakila a matsayin mutum mafi tsayi a tarihin siyasar Indiya ya zuwa yanzu, Ashoka zai yi tsammanin zuriyarsa 'yan siyasar Indiya za su mutunta ra'ayinsa game da wurin Rampurwā, ya canza babban sakaci na wannan ci gaba mai wayewa tare da dawo da martabar asalin wannan wurin mai tsarki. kamar yadda ya yi cikinsa da kansa a shekara ta 12 ta sarautarsa. Amma, abin takaici, Rampurwā ba ya ko'ina a cikin lamiri na gama gari na Indiya, kuma ba a manta da shi ba tukuna.
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"Tsarin Maɗaukaki na Ashoka" Series–I: Ƙwararrun Gilashin Ashoka
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References:
1. Rashtrapati Bhavan, 2020. Babban Ginin & Lawn Tsakiya: Circuit1. - Rampurva Bull. Akwai akan layi a https://rashtrapatisachivalaya.gov.in/rbtour/circuit-1/rampurva-bull An shiga cikin 21 Yuni 2020.
2. Shugaban Inda, 2020. Tsohon Indiya: Babban Bull daga Rampurva. kusan Karni na 3 BC Akwai akan layi a https://presidentofindia.nic.in/antiquity.htm An shiga cikin 21 Yuni 2020.
3. Yawon shakatawa na Bihar 2020. Rampurva. Akwai akan layi a http://www.bihartourism.gov.in/districts/west%20champaran/Rampurva.html An shiga cikin 21 Yuni 2020.
4. Carlleyle, ACL; 2000, Rahoton Binciken Archaeological na Indiya na Shekarar 1877-78-79 da 80, ASI, GOI, 2000 ne ya buga, (An Buga Na Farko a 1885). Akwai akan layi a https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5151/page/n1/mode/2up & https://ia802906.us.archive.org/6/items/dli.csl.5151/5151.pdf
5. Rahoton ASI 1907-08 i88. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a Rampurva. Shafi na 181- Akwai akan layi a https://ia802904.us.archive.org/34/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.35434/2015.35434.Annual-Report-1907-08_text.pdf & https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35434
6. Indian Express, 2013. Bayan da babban jarin zaki mai shekaru 2,200 ya lalace a gidan tarihi na kasa. ma'aikata sun gwada rufewa Akwai akan layi a https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/after-2-200yr-old-lion-capital-damaged-at-national-museum-staff-try-coverup/
7. Times of India 2014. Babban kwamiti don bincika Rampurva Lion Capital barna a yau. Akwai akan layi a https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Central-panel-to-probe-Rampurva-Lion-Capital-vandalism-today/articleshow/31429306.cms
8. Anand D., 2013. Rampurwā- Shari'a mai ban sha'awa don Kuśīnārā- I. Nālandā - Rashin jin daɗi a cikin Bayarwa. Akwai akan layi a http://nalanda-insatiableinoffering.blogspot.com/2013/03/rampurwa-compelling-case-for-kusinara.html
9. Anand D., 2015. Rampurwā a tursasawa case for Kuśinārā- Part II. Nālandā - Marasa gamsuwa a cikin Bayarwa. Akwai akan layi a http://nalanda-insatiableinoffering.blogspot.com/2015/03/rampurwa-compelling-case-of-kusnara-ii.html?m=1
10. Kalyanaraman S., 2020. Rampurva jan kusoshi na Aśoka ginshiƙi, yana da Indus Script hypertexts nuna metalwork kasida, पोळ pōḷa 'zebu, bos indicus' rebus 'magnetite, ferrite ore', पोलाद. Akwai akan layi a https://www.academia.edu/37418303/Rampurva_copper_bolt_of_A%C5%9Boka_pillar_has_Indus_Script_hypertexts_signify_metalwork_catalogue_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B3_p%C5%8D%E1%B8%B7a_zebu_bos_indicus_rebus_magnetite_ferrite_ore_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6_p%C5%8Dl%C4%81da_crucible_steel_cake
11. Kalyanaraman S., 2020. Indus Script hypertexts shelar Soma Yāga a kan Rampurva Aśoka ginshiƙai, jan bolt (karfe dowel), sa & zaki babban birnin kasar. Akwai akan layi a https://www.academia.edu/34281425/Indus_Script_hypertexts_proclaim_Soma_Y%C4%81ga_on_Rampurva_A%C5%9Boka_pillars_copper_bolt_metal_dowel_bull_and_lion_capitals.pdf
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Related article:
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Marubuci: Umesh Prasad
Marubucin tsohon dalibi ne na Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London kuma tsohon malami ne na Burtaniya. Ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyin da aka bayyana akan wannan gidan yanar gizon na marubucin ne kawai da sauran masu ba da gudummawa, idan akwai.
